Pengaruh Customer orientation, Knowledge spillover dan Entrepreneurial orientation terhadap Firm performance UMKM Fesyen Batik dimediasi Innovation capabilities

Elizabeth Christina; Lydia Ari Widyarini

doi:10.59945/jpnm.v4i1.1011

Authors

Elizabeth Christina Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
Lydia Ari Widyarini Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59945/jpnm.v4i1.1011

Keywords:

Customer orientation; Entrepreneurial orientation; Knowledge spillover; Innovation capabilities; Firm performance; UMKM Batik

Abstract

UMKM batik di Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah menghadapi tantangan berupa lingkungan bisnis yang dinamis serta tingkat persaingan yang semakin ketat. Kondisi tersebut menuntut UMKM batik untuk mengembangkan strategi yang adaptif agar tetap relevan di pasar dan mampu mencapai kinerja bisnis yang optimal. Dalam konteks ini, customer orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, dan knowledge spillover dipandang sebagai faktor strategis yang berpotensi meningkatkan innovation capabilities UMKM batik, yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada peningkatan firm performance. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh customer orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, dan knowledge spillover terhadap firm performance UMKM fesyen batik di Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah dengan innovation capabilities sebagai variabel mediasi. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner secara daring menggunakan Google Form kepada UMKM batik di kedua wilayah tersebut. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel independen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap innovation capabilities, dengan entrepreneurial orientation memiliki pengaruh paling besar. Selain itu, innovation capabilities terbukti memediasi pengaruh ketiga variabel independen terhadap firm performance. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan kinerja UMKM batik akan lebih optimal apabila didukung oleh kemampuan inovasi yang kuat.

References

Aas, T. H., & Breunig, K. J. (2017). Conceptualizing innovation capabilities: A contingency perspective. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 13(1), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.7341/20171311

Allammari, Y., Jaride, C., Azdod, M., & Taqi, A. (2024). The role of customer orientation in enhancing the innovation capability and performance of Moroccan SMEs: A structural equation approach. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(11), 2024250. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024250

Amzul, T. A. A., Purnomo, S. Y., Gunawan, L., Prihatni, A., Gunawan, ⁠ Lolitandari, & Daeli, H. P. D. (2024). STRATEGI MANAJEMEN INOVASI DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN.

Athiyah, F., & Darmawan, B. A. (2025). Analysis of the of Customer Orientation on MSMEs’ Performance: Testing the Mediating Role of Innovativeness. MEC-J (Management and Economics Journal), 9(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.18860/mec-j.v9i1.30071

Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2022). The knowledge spillover of innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 31(6), 1329–1357. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtac035

Audretsch, D., Belitski, M., & Fiedler, A. (2025). The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and innovation: taking stock and new directions. The Journal of Technology Transfer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-025-10215-9

Bakrie, R. R., Suri, S. A., Nabila, S. A., Pratama, V. H., & Firmansyah. (2024). Pengaruh Kreativitas UMKM Serta Kontribusinya Di Era Digitalisasi Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 16(2), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.55049/jeb.v16i2.308

Bamfo, B. A., & Kraa, J. J. (2019). Market orientation and performance of small and medium enterprises in Ghana: The mediating role of innovation. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1605703

Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.

Bekata, A. T., & Kero, C. A. (2025). The effects of customer orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs performance: the mediating role of innovation capabilities. The methodological moderators’ comparative study. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00537-1

Bernal, P., Carree, M., & Lokshin, B. (2022). Knowledge spillovers, R&D partnerships and innovation performance. Technovation, 115, 102456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102456

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications Ltd.

Dari, W., & Isfianadewi, D. (2020). Product Innovation Strategy and Dynamic Environment Against the Improvement of Company Performance at MSME in Kulon Progo. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.11294

Ferreira, J. J. M., Fernandes, C. I., & Veiga, P. M. (2024). The effects of knowledge spillovers, digital capabilities, and innovation on firm performance: A moderated mediation model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 200, 123086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123086

Ferreira, J. J., Ratten, V., & Dana, L.-P. (2017). Knowledge spillover-based strategic entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(1), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-016-0415-6

Goodstats. (2024). 7 Provinsi dengan Produsen Batik Terbesar. https://goodstats.id/infographic/7-provinsi-dengan-produsen-batik-terbesar-zz0Ta

Iba, Z., & Wardhana, A. (2024). Analisis Regresi dan Analisis Jalur untuk Riset Bisnis Menggunakan SPSS 29.0 & SMART-PLS 4.0. EUREKA MEDIA AKSARA.

Indriyani, R., & Senak, J. G. T. (2024). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Innovation Capability, and Competitive Advantage of Entrepreneurs in Timor Tengah Utara Regency. COSTING Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting, 7(4), 7517–7533.

Jung, Y. R., Lee, J., Hwang, J., & Gava, N. L. (2024). Knowledge spillovers and innovation performance of the originator: The moderating effect of technological alliances. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(3), 100540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100540

Kuratko, D. F., Morris, M. H., & Schindehutte, M. (2015). Understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurship through framework approaches. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9627-3

Madhani, P. M. (2009). Resource Based View (RBV) of Competitive Advantage: An Overview. In R. B. View (Ed.), Concepts and Practices. Icfai University Press.

Mustajab, R. (2025). Data Ekspor Batik Indonesia 10 Tahun Terakhir hingga 2024. DataIndonesia. Id. https://dataindonesia.id/industri-perdagangan/detail/data-ekspor-batik-indonesia-10-tahun-terakhir-hingga-2024

Njinyah, S. Z., Areneke, G., Ofori, I. K., & Lepawa, G. L. C. (2024). The mediation effect of innovation in the relationship between external knowledge and firm performance in Africa. Africa Journal of Management, 10(3), 259–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322373.2024.2375948

Oetomo, K. H. (2022). DAMPAK EKSPLORASI DAN EKSPLOITASI TERHADAP INOVASI PADA UMKM DI SURABAYA. Yntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7(2).

Ratnawati, K., Susilowati, C., Yuana, P., Dewantara, P. P., & Nazzal, A. (2024). Innovation Strengthens the Influence of Digitalization and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Business Performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 22(4), 1175–1201. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2024.022.04.16

Rohman, I. K., Luviyanto, A. N., & Ginting, E. G. P. (2025). The Textile and Garment Industry’s Fate: Inevitable Decline or Structural Shift?

Sanjaya, F., & Yuwanto, L. (2019). Budaya Berbusana Batik pada Generasi Muda. Mediapsi, 5(2), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.mps.2019.005.02.3

Soares, M. do C., & Perin, M. G. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: an updated meta-analysis. RAUSP Management Journal, 55(2), 143–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-01-2019-0014

Statistik, B. P. (2024). PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO INDONESIA TRIWULANAN 2020--2024.

Statistik, B. P. (2025). PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO INDONESIA MENURUT PENGELUARAN 2020-2024.

Thoumrungroje, A., & Racela, O. C. (2022). Innovation and Performance Implications of Customer-Orientation across Different Business Strategy Types. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040178

Trachuk, A., & Linder, N. (2019). Knowledge Spillover Effects: Impact of Export Learning Effects on Companies’ Innovative Activities. In Current Issues in Knowledge Management. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86255

Uzkurt, C., Kimzan, H. S., & Yılmaz, C. (2016). A Case Study of the Mediating Role of Innovation on the Relationship Between Environmental Uncertainty, Market Orientation, and Firm Performance. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(06), 1750003. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877017500031

Wales, W. J., Kraus, S., Filser, M., Stöckmann, C., & Covin, J. G. (2021). The status quo of research on entrepreneurial orientation: Conversational landmarks and theoretical scaffolding. Journal of Business Research, 128, 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.046

Wanyoike, N., & Kinyua, G. M. (2025). Innovation Capability as a Predictor of Firm Performance: A Systematic Review of Literature. International Journal of Education and Research, 13(3), 91–114.

Widelska, U., & Krot, K. (2021). Customer Orientation and Innovation-The Perspective of Top-Level Management. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, 21(1), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.2478/foli-2021-0011