Rancang Bangun Mesin Pencacah Sampah Plastik Berkapasitas 10 kg/jam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59945/jpnm.v4i2.1294Keywords:
Daur Ulang Mekanis, Mesin Pencacah, Plastik, Rancang Bangun, UMKMAbstract
Permasalahan sampah plastik memerlukan dukungan teknologi pengolahan sederhana yang dapat diterapkan pada skala rumah tangga, bank sampah, sekolah, dan UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang serta menganalisis kinerja mesin pencacah sampah plastik berkapasitas target 10 kg/jam menggunakan motor listrik 1 HP. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan rancang bangun melalui tahapan identifikasi kebutuhan, perancangan komponen, pembuatan alat, perakitan, pengujian, dan analisis kinerja. Mesin dirancang dengan sistem transmisi pulley dan V-belt, pisau pencacah berbahan baja SKD 11, hopper sebagai saluran masuk, ruang pencacah, serta saringan sebagai pengendali ukuran hasil cacahan. Pengujian dilakukan pada tiga jenis plastik rumah tangga, yaitu PET, HDPE, dan PP, masing-masing seberat 2 kg. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kapasitas pencacahan PET sebesar 10 kg/jam, HDPE sebesar 8 kg/jam, dan PP sebesar 9,23 kg/jam, dengan rata-rata kapasitas 9,08 kg/jam. Perbedaan kinerja dipengaruhi oleh ketebalan, kekakuan, bentuk material, ketajaman pisau, dan kestabilan putaran poros. Mesin ini layak digunakan sebagai teknologi awal untuk mengurangi volume plastik sebelum proses daur ulang lanjutan. Temuan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa rancangan sederhana tetap dapat mendukung ekonomi sirkular apabila disertai pemilahan material dan perawatan komponen secara berkala oleh pengguna akhir.
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