Apakah Pengendalian Korupsi dan Efektivitas Pemerintah Penting untuk Pertumbuhan Ekonomi? Wawasan dari Negara-negara Berkembang G20

Devi Aleyda Qur’ani Muttaqien; Nurul Lathifah

doi:10.59945/jpnm.v3i4.876

Authors

Devi Aleyda Qur’ani Muttaqien Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel
Nurul Lathifah Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59945/jpnm.v3i4.876

Keywords:

Efektivitas Tata Kelola Pemerintahan, Pemberantasan Korupsi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kontrol korupsi dan efektivitas pemerintah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara emerging economies G20. Latar belakang penelitian berangkat dari pentingnya kualitas tata kelola dan kapasitas institusional sebagai faktor penentu keberlanjutan pembangunan, khususnya di tengah dinamika global seperti pandemi, krisis energi, dan ketidakpastian geopolitik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder periode 2019–2023. Sampel mencakup 10 negara anggota emerging economies G20, dengan metode analisis regresi data panel yang diuji melalui Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), dan Random Effect Model (REM), serta dilengkapi uji Chow, Hausman, dan Lagrange Multiplier untuk menentukan model terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrol korupsi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, yang berarti lemahnya pengendalian korupsi menjadi hambatan utama bagi pembangunan. Sebaliknya, efektivitas pemerintah berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan, sehingga perbaikan birokrasi dan konsistensi kebijakan memiliki potensi mendorong pertumbuhan, tetapi belum cukup kuat pada periode penelitian. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya tata kelola dalam pembangunan ekonomi negara emerging G20. Strategi pertumbuhan berkelanjutan perlu difokuskan pada penguatan kontrol korupsi, reformasi birokrasi, dan peningkatan integritas institusional untuk mendukung pembangunan jangka panjang.

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